{"id":1923,"date":"2026-08-17T07:50:27","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T12:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/?p=1923"},"modified":"2026-08-17T07:50:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T12:50:27","slug":"exw-fob-va-cif-khi-mua-xe-tai-tu-trung-quoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/","title":{"rendered":"EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF khi mua xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Khi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ai s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i xe, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ba \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u2014m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng su\u00f4n s\u1ebb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong n\u0103m. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, EXW c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 lo m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, FOB chuy\u1ec3n giao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ngay khi xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u, v\u00e0 CIF quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng \u2014 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u2014 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF khi mua xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xem c\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u201ct\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d theo ngh\u0129a chung; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi logistics hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng quan \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Real-World_Usage_Scenarios_for_EXW_FOB_and_CIF\" >C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Performance_Breakdown_and_Shipping_Impact\" >Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Maintenance_and_Lifecycle_Cost_Analysis\" >Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Detailed_Comparison_EXW_vs_FOB_vs_CIF\" >So s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft: EXW so v\u1edbi FOB so v\u1edbi CIF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Buyer_Decision_Factors_Fleet_Size_Terrain_and_Workload\" >C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua: Quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9i xe, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Hidden_Costs_and_Compliance_Considerations\" >C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Negotiation_Strategies_and_Factory_Communication\" >C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Impact_on_Long-Term_Fleet_Operations\" >T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Regional_Differences_and_Port-Specific_Issues\" >S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1ea3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#The_Role_of_Payment_Terms_and_Financing\" >Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Case_Study_A_Fleet_Owners_Experience_with_FOB\" >Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9i xe v\u1edbi FOB<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Future_Trends_in_Truck_Importation\" >Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#Practical_Checklist_for_Choosing_Your_Incoterm\" >Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-vs-fob-vs-cif-when-buying-trucks-from-china\/#The_Financial_Nuances_of_Shipping_Insurance\" >Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Real-World_Usage_Scenarios_for_EXW_FOB_and_CIF\"><\/span>C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\" https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/img\/newsimg\/Truckimg\/Truck23.webp \" alt=\" EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF khi mua xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c\" title=\" EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF khi mua xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c\"><\/p>\n<p>Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Incoterm) th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn logistics chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW ho\u1eb7c FOB, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u00ecm mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe ben th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c logistics \u1edf Texas c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9o. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Shiyan ho\u1eb7c Jinan, lo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n giao ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng ra v\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>FOB l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n trung gian m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xe quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u, r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u00eda b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00edch \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. CIF, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m do ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh tranh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9i xe trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u201cb\u1eaft tay\u201d c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng CIF m\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c khai b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trung th\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Performance_Breakdown_and_Shipping_Impact\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterms li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn logistics, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a xe khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn xe. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m ch\u1edd t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng trong ba tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1eafc-quy ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0129a phanh b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 logistics.<\/p>\n<p>Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ckhi giao h\u00e0ng\u201d. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe t\u1ea3i h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Shaanxi, Sinotruk hay FAW, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Weichai ho\u1eb7c Cummins \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn cao \u1edf v\u00f2ng tua th\u1ea5p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, 500 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi xe t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\">C\u01a1 quan Th\u00f4ng tin N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3<\/a>, cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1ed1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean t\u00e0u trong 30 ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1p xe b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u01a1i do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 3% trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp do c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n k\u00e9m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (GVWR) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n c\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u01b0a d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n DOT ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd do b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maintenance_and_Lifecycle_Cost_Analysis\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF tr\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e3i l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu mua theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng mua xe t\u1ea3i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. M\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm 3-5% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xe \u2014 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00f9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed thu\u00ea nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i logistics \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i DEF (Dung d\u1ecbch x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i diesel) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i tu\u00e2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 (EPA). Vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i xe th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 ni\u00eam y\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Xe t\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n (EXW\/FOB), b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t container \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Xem x\u00e9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bts.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\">C\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/a>, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 12,8 n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng (PDI) \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u2013 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a xe b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo ho\u1eb7c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Detailed_Comparison_EXW_vs_FOB_vs_CIF\"><\/span>So s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft: EXW so v\u1edbi FOB so v\u1edbi CIF<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9i xe hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 xe t\u1ea3i ben ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 6\u00d74 \u2013 lo\u1ea1i xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c\u201d trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf Incoterm; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>EXW (Giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y)<\/th>\n<th>FOB (Giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i t\u00e0u)<\/th>\n<th>CIF (Gi\u00e1, B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, C\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ea3i quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (t\u1eeb m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u)<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n (m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n giao r\u1ee7i ro<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ed5ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n<td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cao<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua)<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c logistics<\/td>\n<td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \/ c\u0103n h\u1ed9 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean n\u00eau b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chi tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2013 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ee3i \u00edch: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n lo ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f2n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 10-15% chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i theo c\u1ea3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 $50.000 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 $55.000 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB v\u00e0 $58.000 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch $8.000 gi\u1eefa EXW v\u00e0 CIF kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed logistics, m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n $6.000 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Buyer_Decision_Factors_Fleet_Size_Terrain_and_Workload\"><\/span>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua: Quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9i xe, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Incoterm n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9i xe quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 50 xe t\u1ea3i, kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FOB so v\u1edbi CIF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mua 10 xe t\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, ri\u00eang kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd logistics chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 trong v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 mua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai xe t\u1ea3i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i quan Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, CIF th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Incoterms. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang mua xe t\u1ea3i cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c \u1edf Nevada ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Rocky, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng leo d\u1ed1c 6% c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i xe n\u1ebfu xe kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 24\/7 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng logistics c\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang mua xe \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t <a href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/giai-phap-xe-tai-dien-trong-logistics-cang\/\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p xe t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n trong logistics c\u1ea3ng<\/a> c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, v\u00ec h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng-\u0111i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t sau khi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a xe.<\/p>\n<p>Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng treo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9i xe th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho xe t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mua l\u1ebb \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ti\u1ec1n khi mua theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n quay l\u1ea1i mua th\u00eam.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hidden_Costs_and_Compliance_Considerations\"><\/span>C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Incoterm n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 (EPA) v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Hoa K\u1ef3 (DOT). Xe t\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u b\u00ean h\u00f4ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 CIF.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i California v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CARB. Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n $15,000. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 khi mua h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu xe c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho v\u00e0 ph\u00ed gi\u1eef h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, container c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng Los Angeles ho\u1eb7c Houston, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u00edch l\u0169y. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb $100 \u0111\u1ebfn $200 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y cho m\u1ed7i container. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00e2u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch xe t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n CIF th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. Ch\u1eef \u201cI\u201d trong CIF l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 110% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1eb7ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Khi xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng, ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. N\u1ebfu xe t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 b\u00e3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng CIF. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ri\u00eang cho ch\u1eb7ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Negotiation_Strategies_and_Factory_Communication\"><\/span>C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 EXW th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat b\u1ea1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ednh th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u chi ph\u00ed. H\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, chi ph\u00ed c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 FOB h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 CIF. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do gi\u00e1 FOB d\u1ec5 so s\u00e1nh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1 CIF gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ed9p \u0111en\u201d v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 do \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c logistics c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 FOB, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea1nh tranh, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Giao ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean ghi r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1eabu xe t\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e0u s\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n giao h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3ng d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1edd T\u00e2y hay B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, h\u00e3y nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 SGS ho\u1eb7c Bureau Veritas ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi mua h\u00e0ng theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean t\u00e0u, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n. Chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 an t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n n\u1ebfu sau n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_on_Long-Term_Fleet_Operations\"><\/span>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mua h\u00e0ng theo \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n CIF, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi logistics c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c xe t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t doanh thu. N\u1ebfu mua theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u00e0i x\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng CIF v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang FOB khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam ph\u00ed cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xe t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xe b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd logistics, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i x\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf b\u1ecf qua, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regional_Differences_and_Port-Specific_Issues\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1ea3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Incoterm) c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng \u1edf B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1edd T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f9n t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, C\u1ea3ng Los Angeles v\u00e0 Long Beach n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f9n t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho cao. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1edd T\u00e2y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 sang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i B\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 Savannah v\u00e0 Norfolk th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u00f9n t\u1eafc h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn Incoterm. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u00f9n t\u1eafc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh giao h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khung g\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n container t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu khung g\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n container b\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea khung xe.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u00ecn chung ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea3i quan l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterms l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd h\u1ea3i quan c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi xe trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\" https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/img\/newsimg\/Truckimg\/Truck51.webp \" alt=\" EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF khi mua xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c\" title=\" EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF khi mua xe t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c\"><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Role_of_Payment_Terms_and_Financing\"><\/span>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thanh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (L\/C) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro cao h\u01a1n khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an t\u00e2m h\u01a1n khi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF v\u00ec h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c mua h\u00e0ng, b\u00ean cho vay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5n \u00e1t s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FOB ho\u1eb7c EXW. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00ean cho vay \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Incoterm hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterms \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thay m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n lo li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e2u logistics.<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thanh to\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xong. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn xe t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB th\u01b0\u1eddng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Study_A_Fleet_Owners_Experience_with_FOB\"><\/span>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9i xe v\u1edbi FOB<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i xe \u1edf Florida mu\u1ed1n mua 20 xe t\u1ea3i ben cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 CIF t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 $58.000 cho m\u1ed7i xe. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 $52.000. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 $6.000 cho m\u1ed7i xe t\u1ea3i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi $120.000 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i xe \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 $3.000 cho m\u1ed7i xe t\u1ea3i. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i chi tr\u1ea3 cho th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng quan t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, khi\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam $1.500 cho m\u1ed7i xe t\u1ea3i. T\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 $56.500 cho m\u1ed7i xe t\u1ea3i, v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n $1.500 so v\u1edbi b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 CIF. V\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng 20 xe t\u1ea3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $30.000, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t giao h\u00e0ng xen k\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho xe t\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 20 chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i xe ph\u1ea3i chi tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n FOB cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng logistics v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh logistics. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i xe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn logistics chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_Trends_in_Truck_Importation\"><\/span>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n pin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterms \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho xe t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterms n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua chuy\u1ec3n sang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c trang web nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe t\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe t\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111ang b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00e2u trung gian v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i am hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_Checklist_for_Choosing_Your_Incoterm\"><\/span>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c logistics n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd h\u1ea3i quan kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh. Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mua h\u01a1n n\u0103m xe t\u1ea3i, kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FOB ho\u1eb7c CIF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a EPA v\u00e0 DOT tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, h\u00e3y thu th\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o gi\u00e1. \u0110\u1eebng v\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW, FOB v\u00e0 CIF t\u1eeb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n Incoterm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5p. Th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. H\u00e3y c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i quan.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch mua xe t\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y coi tr\u1ecdng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea1n h\u01a1n trong kh\u00e2u h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n EXW ho\u1eb7c FOB. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Incoterms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Financial_Nuances_of_Shipping_Insurance\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. M\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 110% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00edch. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xe t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i chi tr\u1ea3 v\u00ec thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n CIF, r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ngay khi xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean t\u00e0u. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng chi tr\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean t\u1ef1 mua m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u1ee7i ro\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n y\u00ean t\u00e2m<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When you&#8217;re sourcing trucks from China, the terms EXW, FOB, and CIF dictate who pays for what, and more importantly, who holds the risk when things go sideways. For a fleet operator, the difference between these three incoterms isn&#8217;t just a line item on a purchase order\u2014it&#8217;s the difference between a smooth delivery and a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EXW vs FOB vs CIF When Buying Trucks from China - Chinese Truck Factory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chinesetruckfactory.com\/vi\/exw-fob-va-cif-khi-mua-xe-tai-tu-trung-quoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EXW vs FOB vs CIF When Buying Trucks from China - Chinese Truck Factory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When you&#8217;re sourcing trucks from China, the terms EXW, FOB, and CIF dictate who pays for what, and more importantly, who holds the risk when things go sideways. 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